• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Method for the extinction of fires and projectile for the extinction of fires. It comprises the following phases: a first phase in which a projectile of compacted ice granite is elaborated, with a volume of between 0.5 liters and 2 liters, a second phase in which said projectile is placed in a shuttle that shoots it on the zone in flames to extinguish, and a third phase in which successive projectiles are thrown until reaching a rain of compacted ice pellets of at least 20 liters per square meter per hour. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2556262A1
    申请号:ES201431056
    申请日:2014-07-11
    公开日:2016-01-14
    发明作者:Jordi Miquel TORRES MUÑOZ
    申请人:Torres Serv Tecnicos Sl；Torres Servicios Tecnicos Sl；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    DESCRIPTION
    Method for firefighting and projectile for firefighting.
    Method for firefighting and projectile for firefighting comprising the following phases: a first phase in which a compacted granulated ice projectile is made, with a volume between 0.5 liters and 2 liters, a second phase in which said projectile is located on a shuttle that fires it over the burning area to be extinguished, and a third phase in which successive projectiles are launched until a shower of compacted hail ice projectiles of at least 20 liters per square meter and hour.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    Different methods for extinguishing fires using ice are known in the state of the art.
    It is a document of the State of the Art US Patent US5507350 "Fire extinguishing with dry ice" of the year 1996 which comprises a method of extinguishing fires with dry ice capsules. Dry ice shells comprise a block of encapsulated carbon dioxide in an insulating material that ignites and disintegrates rapidly releasing the block of ice.The inventors of said patent consider said method of launching dry ice projectiles especially to isolate the focus of the fire.
    The Moldovan patent MD20110067 "Agent de stingere si locare a incendiului" of the year 2011 is also known. The object of the invention is an agent structure in the form of a cryogenic pump whose body mainly comprises ice. Inside this ice structure are crystals of natural gas hydrates, a tube of carbon dioxide, an explosive and motion and / or temperature sensors.The effect of extinction includes the combined action of the detonation wave caused by the explosion, extinguishing the substances contained in the agent body, multiple distributions of gases and water vapor obtained by the action of cryogenically conserved substances.
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    A series of documents comprise as an extinguishing agent the mixture of water and ice.
    Thus, the Chinese Patent CN102940944 "Ice slurry fire extinguishing system" of 2013 describes a fire extinguishing system with a mixture of ice and water. The fire extinguishing system in the form of an ice mixture reduces the time of extinction and internal temperature of the fire focus, reducing the amount of water needed.This system comprises a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, an inlet of cooling fluid from an evaporator, an outlet of cooling fluid from the evaporator and a compressor that are sequentially connected on a cooling fluid circulation side; an evaporator water outlet, an ice mix storage tank, a circulation pump and an evaporator water inlet that are successively connected on one side of circulating water; and the ice mixing storage tank, a high pressure injection pump and an extinguishing nozzle are connected cited successively.
    In US2004216901 "Fire retardent delivery system" of the year 2004 a method of fire suppression and fire suppression is described, comprising the step of encapsulating the fire extinguishing agent in liquid or gaseous form inside a housing whose cover is in shape solid.An agent such as ice water, or liquid carbon dioxide is useful when used as a "non-lethal" device.The solid envelope is sublimable and explodes at the time of impact or after exposure to environmental conditions at the site for release the contents of the shell, as well as the fragments of the container shell at the site of impact.
    And finally, we cite several documents that use only ice as an agent (in the form of blocks or crushed ice).
    Chinese Utility Model CN201949523 “Fire-fighting device” of 2011 claims a fire extinguishing device comprising an ice throwing device, an automatic loading trigger device, an ice production device, and a drive device of the shot. The load and range of the device is adjustable, the ice quickly melts when it gets the focus of fire.
    Another Chinese Utility model CN201347769 “Tunnel fire-fighting vehicle with track trhowing ice blocks” from 2009, includes a vehicle specially designed for extinction
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    of fire in tunnels. It comprises a conveyor belt in a train car, operated by an electric motor. Said conveyor belt carries the ice blocks for the ice throwing machine.
    The following three documents are considered as more relevant for the purpose of our search, since they use ice as the only extinguishing agent.
    Thus, German Patent DE102008036815 "Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Brandbekampfung" of the year 2010 describes a method of diffusion of crushed ice or crushed ice on the surface of the fire. Crushed or chopped ice is used as an extinguishing agent. An explosive pump comprises a hollow frozen body filled with crushed ice. The explosive bomb is transported to the fire source using a vehicle. The method is especially useful for fighting large forest fires and fires in a tunnel or oil well.
    PCT application WO03 / 024536 "Fire-fighting apparatus and a method of fighting fire" of 2003 claims a fire extinguishing device containing ice in water as a means of fire extinguishing. The fire extinguishing medium is contained in a tank of the device. Said tank may be thermally insulated. In addition, said device may comprise an ice machine for the manufacture and storage of ice in situ. Said ice machine can be operated by a steam compression cycle or by a watt system. Said ice maker can be connected to a water source, even using seawater.
    The Spanish Patent ES2329325 “Fire extinguishing system using frozen liquids” of 2007, and in force, describes a fire extinguishing system using frozen liquids, based on the freezing of a liquid in the form of small blocks or ice cubes, by means of a freezer and the launching of the frozen blocks by means of a pneumatic device like a canon on the fire to be extinguished.
    It also has to mention the US Patent US5461874 "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSPORTING MATERIAL", of the year 1993, which refers to a method to extinguish fires, for example by a canon mounted on a truck, which sends a projectile that depending on the type of Fire changes the composition. In this way, in
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    Columns 7 (line 56 and ss.) and column 8 (lmea 2 and ss.) mention is made of a projectile with an ice column inside which is composed of cold water or in a state of freezing.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    This application is part of the method of extinguishing fires based on the use of ice.
    The closest document is US Patent US5461874, which would anticipate the Spanish Patent ES2329325.
    This patent has the advantage that the low temperature of the ice causes a greater cooling of the fuels, the ice stays longer exerting the suffocating effect and that the ice shells are sent there where necessary, impacting, for example, on some plants or areas and not in others.
    Both the closest document and those of the background have not been launched due to a problem, and that is that when ice collides with a surface, it often makes sparks that can fan the fire, even in areas that were without fire. Therefore, the use of ice shells has been ruled out.
    The inventor has made calculations and has reached the conclusion that you can continue using ice shells, but under a storm of ice shells, with a cadence of at least 20 l / m2 h and being optimal 35 l / m2 h.
    This leads to the fact that even if a spark could be generated, the water by the thaw of the other projectiles would extinguish it and also, with this rate of fire the air would not abound so it would make it difficult for the fire to spread.
    Another of the advances to prevent the projectile from generating sparks at the moment of impact is the fact that the projectile is formed by hail-shaped water solution spheres with fresh water as a binder. The hail solution is composed of a fire and water retardant with a freezing point of approximately -4 ° C. The fresh water that acts as a binder has a freezing point of 0 ° C. The
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    projectile by mixing the hail with the water in a mold in the form of a projectile and its rapid freezing leaving a compact projectile.
    In this way we achieve that the binder of the projectile can be undone when approaching the focus of the fire and the hail reaches the focus of the fire more extensively, covering more surface and distributing the hail ice more evenly, consequently extinguishing the fire and neutralizing any spark that could have originated. In this way the great impact of the homogeneous ice block is prevented from hitting the focus of the fire generating fire propagating sparks to other places.
    This project presents considerable progress in the means of firefighting due to the following advantages:
    - Shutdown performance exceeding 200% by means of ice shells compared to the usual use of water due to its greater cooling, for staying longer in the fire area and for its faster shutdown.
    - Continuous ice projectile discharge 24 hours a day without interruption, day and night.
    - System operation regardless of wind, fog, electric clouds or rain conditions in the actuation area.
    - Flow of ice projectiles of, for example, 35 m3 / h, which would be equivalent to a heavy rain of 35 mm / h m2 on 1,000 m2.
    - Forecast of the reduction of the time of extinguishing forest fires to less than half, and exponential elimination of the damages caused by the fire.
    - Range of fire projectiles located from 100m to more than 5km away and 2,000 meters high.
    - Quick start-up of the operation.
    - Average cost of investment, but low operating cost.
    An object of the present invention is a method for extinguishing fires characterized in that it comprises the following phases: a first phase in which a compacted granulated ice projectile is made, with a volume of between 0.5 liters and 2 liters, a second phase in which said projectile is located on a shuttle that fires it over the burning area to be turned off, and a third phase in which successive projectiles are launched until
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    reach a shower of compacted hail ice projectiles of at least 30 liters per square meter for one hour.
    It is a further object of the present invention a projectile for the extinction of fires of the type formed from ice characterized in that said ice is granulated and compacted
    CONCRETE REALIZATION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
    In a specific embodiment, in a previous phase there would be a mobile installation, with a shuttle, freezing means, generating sets and a water supply means, at a distance of for example 2 km. Where the fire is located.
    This allows that there is no danger that the fire may affect the different bodies involved in the extinction of the fire.
    Once the mobile equipment has been arranged in the designated place, the preparation comprising the following phases would begin.
    A first phase in which a compacted granulated ice projectile is made, with a volume of between 0.5 liters and 2 liters, made by freezing means.
    The volume, as will be explained later, is determined by the shuttle's ability to send a rain of projectiles, at a great distance and that they can arrive in the form of compacted slush ice.
    That is why, it may be necessary to perform some preliminary tests of shooting, which would allow both the volume of the projectile, the parabola and launch distance and its freezing temperature to be adjusted so that the projectile reaches the focus of the fire by breaking down the binder part and dispersing solution hail with fire retardant. With these adjustments, the external temperature and wind factors that can affect the effectiveness of the projectile and its characteristics are solved.
    Subsequently, in a second phase, said projectile is located on a shuttle, in which a height and power has been arranged in view of the conditions previously indicated and
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    the location of the fire. The shuttle then fires the projectile over the burning area to be extinguished, where it lands, hitting the fire zone.
    The projectile formed by hail and frozen water as a binder undergoes the action of air friction, solar heat and the temperature of the fire during the flight, which makes it easier for the binder to thaw and the hail to end and be distributed much more effectively throughout the fire zone.
    This also benefits because it prevents sparks that could fan the fire, which was one of the problems of the background of the invention.
    Then, in the third phase in which successive projectiles are launched until a rain of compacted hail ice projectiles is reached. This is done to be able to wet the entire burning area and at the same time put out and drown the flames.
    The cadence must be such until it reaches at least 30 liters per square meter for one hour. The inventor proposes, on average, that this reach 35 liters per square meter per hour, although in certain fires and by the type of terrain, 20 liters per square meter per hour may be sufficient.
    In general, the projectile, for an area such as the Spanish Mediterranean and with a rain of projectiles of between 30 and 40 liters per square meter for one hour, could have a volume of 1 liter, although this can be modified depending on the conditions before marked and especially the shuttle.
    The shuttle could be a canon of compressed air with height regulator, which would allow to adapt to the prevailing wind conditions, as well as to be able to change the scope of the same.
    Some of the biggest advantages is that this method can be used both at night, and even in wind since the shot can be corrected with the shuttle, and the projectile can be sent to areas of difficult access, something that hydroplanes and helicopters have many complicated times to act
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    Below is a comparison, to join the detailed one that will be shown later, on the effectiveness of this method and projectile, at different distances:
    SCOPE ACCORDING TO TYPES OF PROJECTILES:
     Scope
     Mass of  Max Angle Speed Weather
     projectile  departure theoretical cloning Flight height
     570 g  160 m / s 45 ° 2,612 m 653 m 23 s
     829 g  210 m / s 45 ° 4,500 m 1125 m 30 s
     1,088 g  240 m / s 45 ° 5,878 m 1469 m 35 s
    That is, this method prevents those involved in firefighting operations from endangering their lives, since the equipment is a considerable distance from the fire, for example, 2 km.
    The firefighting projectile will be formed from ice with the characteristics that this ice is a mixture of granita of fire retardant solution and frozen water as a binder; which facilitates that when it hits it it breaks into small pieces, as a slush, and thus spread along the burning area.
    The possibility of adding a dye or a fluorescent pigment to the ice has also been established so that the projectile can be traced. Thus, from time to time a projectile containing said fluorescent dye or pigment is disposed, it is launched and you can really see where it falls. This projectile is especially useful in extinguishing night fires.
    The inventor has done some studies that calculate that the performance of the present invention in relation to the usual use of water by firefighters is 228% as a minimum, as will be demonstrated below.
    To justify more if the benefits of the present invention fit, the inventor has made a comparison on the power of turning off the water at 20 ° C and the method and projectile object of the invention at -5 ° C, which are detailed below.
    This comparison is based on the cooling power of water and ice before a fire produced in a typical oak forest with a fuel forest mass of 3,308 kg / m2, with an average higher calorific value of 4,572 kcal / kg and, as result, an energetic value in the forest density of 15,124 kcal / m2 and a propagation rate of 5 fire of 0.001672 m / s.
    FOREST MASS DATA:
     Forest Type:  Oak
     Ripe forest mass:  3,308 CM E O)
     Average higher calorific value:  4,572 7T O CO
     Forest Energy Value:  15,124 kcal / m2
     Fire propagation speed:  0.001672 m / s
     PHYSICAL DATA OF WATER AND ICE:
     ca: Heat espf. water (under pressure cte.)  4.18 kJ / kgK
     ch: Heat espf. Ice  2.11 kJ / kgK
     dhf: specific fusion enthalpy  ■ sj- co CO kJ / kg
     m: Mass  o o o kg
     Conversion factor kcal / kJ  4,187
     HEAT ABSORBED BY WATER AT 20 ° C
     Ti: Temp. water initial:  20 ° C
     293 K
     Tf: Temp. steam phase end:  100 ° C
     373 K
     Water passage from 20 ° C to 100 ° C
     Q (ag-v) = m-ca- (Tf-Ti)
     Q (ag-v) =  79,866 kcal
     WATER ABSORBED HEAT:  79,866 kcal
     FOREST MASS EXTINGUISHED BY WATER  17.5 kg
     FOREST SURFACE EXTINGUISHED BY THE
     WATER  5.3 m2
    HEAT ABSORBED BY ICE AT -5 ° C
     Ti: Temp. ice initial:  -5 ° C
     268 K
     Tc: Temp. freezing:  0 ° C
     273 K
     Tf: Temp. steam phase end:  100 ° C
     373 K
     Ice passage from -5 ° C to 0 ° C
     Q (h) = mca (Tc-Ti)
     Q (ag-v) =  2,520 kcal
     Defrosting ice
     Q (f) = mdhf
     Q (f) =  79,771 kcal
     Water passage from 0 ° C to 100 ° C
     Q (ag-v) = mca (Tf-Ti)
     Q (ag-v) =  CD CD 00 CO CO kcal
     HEAT ABSORBED BY ICE:  182,123 kcal
     FOREST MASS EXTINGUISHED BY ICE FOREST SURFACE EXTINGUISHED BY THE ICE  CO CD 00 kg
     ICE  12.0 m2
    Summarizing:
    - Performance of ice against water by putting out the fire: 228%
    5 - Freezing temperature of the slush solution: -10 ° C
    - Freezing temperature of the binder solution: -2 ° C
    - Number of projectiles launched per second: 16 projects / s
    - Ice flow thrown in 1.000m2: 35m3 / h
    - Measurement of the rain of ice: 35mm / h or 35 liters / m2 / h, that is, a very strong rain.
    That is to say, it is that while with water 5,3 m2 would be extinguished, with the method and projectile of the present invention the 12m2 would be reached, which means that with the same use of water a yield of 228% higher than the one obtained is obtained used with water, at the same time, and without risk for firefighters who participate in the tasks of extinction.
    Thus, the consumption of heat absorbed to produce the defrosting of 1,000kg of ice is 10 of 79,771 kcal, in addition to then raising the temperature from 0 to 100 ° C where it already evaporates and stops taking action against the fire.
    The projectile can have a spherical shape, hollow cylindrical, finned cylindrical, etc.
    The present invention describes a new method for firefighting and projectile for firefighting. The examples mentioned herein are not limiting of the present invention, therefore it may have different applications and / or adaptations, all of them within the scope of the following claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
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    1. Method for firefighting characterized in that it comprises the following phases:
    - a first phase in which a compacted granulated ice projectile is made, with a volume of between 0.5 liters and 2 liters,
    - a second phase in which said projectile is located on a shuttle that shoots it over the burning area to be extinguished, and
    - a third phase in which successive projectiles are launched until a shower of compacted granulated ice shells is reached until reaching at least 30 liters per square meter for one hour.
    [2]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said projectile has a volume of 1 liter.
    [3]
    3. Method, according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the shuttle is a canon of compressed air with height regulator.
    [4]
    4. Method according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the rain of compacted slush ice is 35 liters per square meter per hour.
    [5]
    5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the shuttle of the second phase comprises cooling means that compensate the heat of the friction of the projectile with the canon of the shuttle.
    [6]
    6. Projectile for the extinction of fires of the type formed from ice characterized in that said ice is a mixture of slush of a solution with a freezing point below 0 ° C and this compacted or bonded with frozen fresh water.
    [7]
    7. Projectile according to claim 6, characterized in that said projectile comprises an additive with fire retardant.
    [8]
    8. Projectile, according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that said projectile has a volume of 1 liter.
    [9]
    9. Projectile, according to claim 7 characterized in that it comprises a
    5 pigment or fluorescent dye
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2016005645A1|2016-01-14|
    AU2015287512A1|2017-02-02|
    ES2556262B1|2016-12-27|
    US20170165510A1|2017-06-15|
    CA2954575C|2018-08-14|
    EP3167939A1|2017-05-17|
    CA2954575A1|2016-01-14|
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    WO2003000346A2|2001-06-25|2003-01-03|Pts Technologies, L.L.C.|System and method for treating fires|
    WO2003024536A1|2001-09-18|2003-03-27|Albert Robert Lowes|Fire-fighting apparatus and a method of fighting fire|
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    ES2329325A1|2007-06-15|2009-11-24|Raul Gubertini Ciriza|Fire extinguishing system through frozen liquids |
    MD20110067A2|2011-06-22|2013-01-31|Тимофей ГУШАН|Fire localization and extinguishing agent|CN110398178A|2019-07-26|2019-11-01|中国舰船研究设计中心|A kind of enhanced smart law enforcement water cannon system|IL77783A|1986-02-04|1991-04-15|Stolov Michael|Arrangement and method for propelling liquids over long distances|
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    ES201431056A|ES2556262B1|2014-07-11|2014-07-11|Method for firefighting and projectile for firefighting|ES201431056A| ES2556262B1|2014-07-11|2014-07-11|Method for firefighting and projectile for firefighting|
    US15/325,625| US20170165510A1|2014-07-11|2015-07-10|A fire extinguishing method and a fire extinguishing projectile|
    PCT/ES2015/070538| WO2016005645A1|2014-07-11|2015-07-10|A fire extinguishing method and a fire extinguishing projectile|
    CA2954575A| CA2954575C|2014-07-11|2015-07-10|Method for extinguishing fires and projectile for extinguishing fires.|
    AU2015287512A| AU2015287512A1|2014-07-11|2015-07-10|A fire extinguishing method and a fire extinguishing projectile|
    EP15766551.4A| EP3167939A1|2014-07-11|2015-07-10|A fire extinguishing method and a fire extinguishing projectile|
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